Privately Contracted Armed Security Personnel in Indian Ocean Region: An Analysis of Vulnerabilities and Resilience in South Asia and Horn of Africa

Abstract

The Indian Ocean holds significant geopolitical and economic importance as a crucial maritime corridor for global trade, spanning from South Asia to Horn of Africa. Despite its economic opportunities, the region faces multifaceted security challenges, including piracy, maritime terrorism, territorial disputes, and resource competition, posing threats to maritime operations and commercial interests. To address these concerns, there has been a notable rise in the use of Privately Contracted Armed Security Personnel (PCASP) to protect the vessels and cargo. The research article comprehensively analyses the deployment of PCASP in Indian Ocean Region (IOR), focusing on vulnerabilities in South Asia and Horn of Africa. The study explores the historical context of security challenges, examines legal framework, evaluate the effectiveness of PCASP in mitigating risks and securitises their operational categories through case studies. Moreover, it explores the impact of PCASP on local communities, including socio-economic factors and the potential for conflict escalation. The research paper also discusses broader implication of PCASP involvement in regional stability and geopolitical dynamics among nations in the region. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights into the regulated use of PCASP in IOR, to enhance effectiveness, accountability, regional stability, and safeguard the interest of all the nations.