Privacy Enhanced Federated Learning Utilizing Differential Privacy and Interplanetary File System

Abstract

As the Internet of Things (IoT) grows exponentially, it is becoming deeply embedded in our daily lives. As the quantity and quality of data produced by devices have also gradually increased, there have been increasing attempts to use these useful IoT big data for various applications and to combine IoT with machine learning and deep learning to process a large amount of useful data. However, in the centralized deep learning method, privacy issues have been raised because the server can use personal data collected from the user’s IoT. Due to this reason, Federated Learning (FL) method that can protect users' personal data while doing machine learning has been studied. However, current FL also has the possibility of data poisoning attacks and other problems. Therefore, this work, by suggesting distributed FL framework combined with Interplanetary File System and Differential Privacy, proposes a method that allows users to participate in FL safely and efficiently. Through this method, participants share some parts of data, and these data are collected by specific nodes. These data are combined to make a new dataset of FL network for defending against data poisoning attack and vouch for training’s accuracy. Also, an aggregation mechanism is proposed to suppress the effect of a malicious node poisoning attack. Finally, this framework is tested in python environment. With this method, one can freely open a project and anyone can join in with distributed condition, even when he or she has no enough dataset for learning but computing capability, vice versa. If a malicious node tries to interrupt the learning with poisoned dataset, aggregation mechanism and combined validation set from the network’s nodes will suppress the bad effect. We have tested through python and open-source code to verify the efficiency and privacy.