Abstract
The management of acute diarrhoea in France improved during the last ten years, with a large increase of oral rehydration solution (ORS) prescription in infants. Severity assessment is too often based on an uncertain evaluation of weight loss instead of a clinical determination. Telephone triage is not accurate without use of protocols and decision-making guidelines. Laboratory tests are rare in ambulatory management but still too frequent in hospital management of children with oral rehydration. ORS prescription of general practitioners regularly increased: 16 % in 1988, 29 % in 1996, 39 % in 2001; and 71% in 2005 (after their reimbursement). The quality of oral rehydration advice remains insufficient. Intravenous rehydration on admission remains still too frequent. Drugs prescriptions include 2 or 3 drugs, with a decrease of loperamide and antibiotics, and an increase of racecadotril (81%). Lactose-free milk prescriptions in infants dropped from 46 % in 1996 to 16 % in 2005. Isolation and disinfection procedures are insufficient. Rotavirus nosocomial infections incidence is high: 1,6 to 6,3 / 1000 children less than 5 years of age, contributing to high direct costs.
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