Abstract
In this study, the relationship of orienting of attention, motor control and the Stimulus- (SDN) and Goal-Driven Networks (GDN) was explored through an innovative method for fMRI analysis considering all voxels in four experimental conditions: standard target (Goal; G), novel (N), neutral (Z) and noisy target (NG). First, average reaction times (RTs) for each condition were calculated. In the second-level analysis, ‘distracted’ participants, as indicated by slower RTs, evoked brain activations and differences in both hemispheres’ neural networks for selective attention, while the participants, as a whole, demonstrated mainly left cortical and subcortical activations. A context analysis was run in the behaviourally distracted participant group contrasting the trials immediately prior to the G trials, namely one of the Z, N or NG conditions, i.e. Z.G, N.G, NG.G. Results showed different prefrontal activations dependent on prior context in the auditory modality, recruiting between 1 to 10 prefrontal areas. The higher the motor response and influence of the previous novel stimulus, the more prefrontal areas were engaged, which extends the findings of hierarchical studies of prefrontal control of attention and better explains how auditory processing interferes with movement. Also, the current study addressed how subcortical loops and models of previous motor response affected the signal processing of the novel stimulus, when this was presented laterally or simultaneously with the target. This multitasking model could enhance our understanding on how an auditory stimulus is affecting motor responses in a way that is self-induced, by taking into account prior context, as demonstrated in the standard condition and as supported by Pulvinar activations complementing visual findings. Moreover, current BCI works address some multimodal stimulus-driven systems.
Highlights
Recent works in stimulus-driven neural networks and learning systems are awakening the interest in multimodal attention systems, such as works in BrainComputer Interface (BCI) systems in both visual and auditory modalities [1, 2], considering tasks with multiple conditions [3]
Their study pointed to single-trial event-related potential (ERP) dependence on prior signals; the longer the signals in time, the fewer effects mismatch negativity (MMN) and the stimulus features explained about the variance of the P300 amplitude
Our results extended the idea on steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) where frontal electrodes in 2-oddball attention tasks were found responsible for suppression of distractor responses [24], i.e. how different 2-oddball task maybe seen locally in prior context in the present 4-oddball task experiment
Summary
Recent works in stimulus-driven neural networks and learning systems are awakening the interest in multimodal attention systems, such as works in Brain. Bearing in mind the distributed areas for attention [7], Strobel and colleagues aimed to improve Opitz and colleagues [15] study using simultaneous EEG/fMRI recordings with an event-related design in an auditory oddball task They used tones of 350 and 650 Hz and environmental sounds where participants were required to silently count standard tones as targets in 50% of the cases and novel sounds as targets in the other 50%. Kiehl and colleagues used fMRI to study the brain areas activated in an auditory oddball task seeking to answer whether gender influences the magnitude or distribution of brain activity associated with the P3a and P3b responses They implemented a task in which the standard tone stimulus had a probability of 0.8, the target tone stimulus had a probability of 0.1 and the novel stimuli had a probability of 0.1 with an InterTrial Interval (ITI) of 2000 ms. H3: Auditory modelling may be better defined over motor control through modelling at multitask cognitive computation
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
