Prins cyclization of (-)-isopulegol with benzaldehyde for production of chromenols over organosulfonic clays

Abstract

Prins cyclization of (-)-isopulegol with benzaldehyde was investigated with sulphur containing halloysite nanotubes, K10 clays and Cloisite clays. The catalysts were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, XPS, pyridine adsorption desorption by FTIR, nitrogen adsorption. The most active catalyst was K10 modified with chlorosulphonic acid giving 95% selectivity to the desired chromenol at 90% conversion and 30 °C. Selectivity to chromenol was increasing with increasing Lewis acid site concentration while no linear correlation of chromenol selectivity with the Brønsted acid sites concentration was observed. The diastereoisomer R/S ratio of chromenols was the highest, 11.5, at 70 °C and 90% conversion over sulphur modified halloysite nanotubes exhibiting rather low acidity. A higher stability of the R-isomer confirmed by quantum mechanical calculations can partially explain preferential formation of the R diastereomer.Successful catalyst reuse was demonstrated with the best performing catalyst, organosilylated sulphur containing K10.