Prinos zrna hibrida kukuruza u različitim gustinama setve

Milomirka Madić,Dragan Đurović,Aleksandar Paunović,Marija Živić,Nikola Bokan,Dalibor Tomić

doi:10.5937/aaser1744157m

Abstract

Field trials with 12 maize hybrids belonging to FAO maturity groups 500, 600 and 700 were established under the agro environmental conditions of Smederevo in 2010 and 2011 to analyse grain yield and moisture content at different plant densities. The hybrids were sown in two independent trials in the two years at 51,000 and 62,000 plants ha-1, respectively, in a randomised block design with three replications. More favourable maize growing conditions i.e. more moderate air temperatures during the growing season, a more even distribution of precipitation and more rainy days were recorded in 2010 than in 2011, which had much lower precipitation amounts, particularly during July and August i.e. critical development stages (flowering and fertilization) of these hybrids. Grain yield of all maize hybrids was higher in 2010, mostly as the result of greater amounts of precipitation and their more even distribution during the growing season. In both years, significantly higher grain yields were obtained by FAO 600 maize hybrids. Grain yield in 2010 was significantly higher at the higher plant density in FAO 500 hybrids, as opposed to FAO 600 hybrids, which showed no significant difference in grain yield across plant densities. Grain moisture content at harvest did not significantly differ between plant densities in either year. Somewhat higher values for grain moisture at harvest in 2010 were recorded for FAO 600 hybrids. In 2011, there were no significant differences in grain moisture content among hybrids, nor between plant densities, mostly due to the very low amount of precipitation in the second part of the growing season.

Highlights

Maize has a very high biological yield potential, and is classified among crops which produce the largest amount of organic matter per unit area
In 2011, there were no significant differences in grain moisture content among hybrids, nor between plant densities, mostly due to the very low amount of precipitation in the second part of the growing season
The experiment was established near Smederevo (40° 39’ N and 20° 57’ E, 99 m a.s.l.) in 2010 and 2011, and involved 12 promising maize hybrids belonging to FAO maturity groups 500 – 600 i.e. 6 hybrids created by the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje (ZP 505, ZP 544, ZP 600, ZP 606, ZP 666, ZP 684) and 6 hybrids released by the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (NS 5043, NS 540, NS 6010, NS 6030, NS 640, NS 7020)

Summary

Introduction

Maize has a very high biological yield potential, and is classified among crops which produce the largest amount of organic matter per unit area. The main economic importance of maize stems from its diverse utilisation as food, feed and raw material for industrial applications. Maize grain contains about 70% of starch on average, which makes it a highly suitable feedstock for bioethanol production (Semenčenko et al, 2015). Maize ranks third in acreage, second in total production and first in grain yield per unit area. In Serbia, maize is the most widely grown field crop, covering about 1,300,000 ha of land, with a total grain production ranging between 4 and 7 million tons (Jocković et al, 2009). Most of modern maize hybrids grain yield increase comes from increased plant densities

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