Principles of Task Design to Promote Informal Statistical Inference in Secondary School: Covariational Reasoning Using Multivariate Data

Abstract

In today’s data-driven society, statistical inference is required for decision-making, and it is essential to develop the relevant skills in school education. This study aimed to develop the task design principles that allow students to experience informal statistical inference by exploring relationships between variables in multivariate data. Therefore, it built on task design principles from a theoretical perspective based on covariational reasoning. Furthermore, a tentative task, “Decathlon Data Problem,” was devised based on these principles and clarified guidelines for teachers to promote informal statistical inference through covariational reasoning with multivariate data at the secondary school level.