Principles of Smart Grids on the generation electrical and thermal energy and control of heat consumption within the District Heating Networks

Abstract

One part of the process of development and application of methods and principles of Smart Grids in electricity and heat production is numerical modeling and simulation of Power and Heating Plants, Power Systems, and also District Heating Networks. Due to the venue of the IFAC Congress this paper deals with the comparison between Czech and South Africa. Similarity is given by the fact, that basic fuel is coal. In the Czech Republic, it is produced 64% of its electricity from coal, mostly lignite (brown), in the heat generation the coal has an even larger share of 90%. In South Africa, it is produced 85% of its electricity from coal (heat is insignificant due to climatic conditions). From this perspective, the Czech Republic and South Africa dealt with similar problems, e.g. using of coal mills, combustion chambers and equipment, whole powdered steam boilers and their optimal intelligent Smart Control. The power and heat source is controlled according to the Daily Consumption Diagrams, which are corrected by the current and predicted weather conditions (air temperature, solar irradiation, wind, rain and frost). For predicting consumption are used methods of classical and artificial intelligence control. Control of electricity and heat is carried out using advanced methods of optimal control, including the different configurations of machine room equipments and the Main Heat Exchangers Station - MHS The developed Information and Control System serves as an on-line support system for the operators and dispatchers and is part of the operating procedures in the implementation of Smart Grid.