Principles of integrity and harmonization of architectural and spatial solutions for vertical farms

Abstract

The paper examines the impact of a group of principles of integrity and harmonization on the architectural design of vertical farms. These objects are an efficient and sustainable approach to an agricultural production. Moreover, vertical farms can be located in urban environments which leads to a need of developing appropriate space-volumetric, compositional, planning, functional, and structural solutions for the harmonious and aesthetic integration of such buildings into the urban structure while preserving their functional efficiency. To address this issue, the authors propose a series of architectural techniques based on the such principles as contextualism, the function-form symbiosis, the identity of structure and form, the harmonization of volumetric-spatial and facade solutions, and the modern technologies implementation. The contextualism principle ensures the context influences vertical farm design decisions regarding height, shape, and siting to either blend into the surroundings or be an architectural dominant. Additionally, this principle assesses impacts on local parameters of insolation and wind. Function-form symbiosis requires simple, rhythmic architectural forms, robust materials and design reflecting both farming itself and the general industrial nature of the building. The identity principle mutually reinforces architectural form and structure according to the vertical farming needs. Height flexibility through open-web or core-and-shell structures provides adaptable and open spaces to support the production. The harmonization of volumetric-spatial and facade solutions creates a relationship between a building's external appearance, internal organization, and functional diversity. It employs typical compositional techniques as well as architectural expressionism conveying functional zones via colour, texture and form. The last principle is represented by implementing adaptive smart facades, renewable energy systems, green walls and roofs.