Principles of formation of spiritual and moral values in the process of studying academic subjects

Abstract

The article substantiates the relevance of the formation of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, which are listed in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, emphasizes the role of teachers, the possibilities of academic subjects in the formation of spiritual and moral values among schoolchildren, and identifies approaches that are important to consider when solving this problem. Based on the study of literature, current approaches and challenges of society, problems of education and training, as well as the results of research on the characteristics of modern children, their needs, the principles of the formation of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values are determined. A brief description of the following principles is given: spiritual and moral orientation of the study of an educational subject; purposefulness, consciousness and activity of the child's educational activity; individualization, level, variability of learning; rhizome-like learning and flexibility in the organization of educational activities of schoolchildren; cooperation and creative co-creation; problematic and debatable; emotional responsiveness and empathic interaction; visualization of learning. The conditions ensuring the effectiveness of the formation of traditional spiritual and moral values are determined: ensuring the integration of educational and extracurricular activities, additional education of schoolchildren, interdisciplinary connections in the process of mastering educational material on the subject; development of interaction between teachers and the child's family; the use of social resources in the organization of educational activities of children.