Abstract

Numerous advances have been made in X-ray technology in recent years. X-ray imaging plays an important role in the nondestructive exploration of the internal structures of objects. However, the contrast of X-ray absorption images remains low, especially for materials with low atomic numbers, such as biological samples. X-ray phase-contrast images have an intrinsically higher contrast than absorption images. In this review, the principles, milestones, and recent progress of X-ray phase-contrast imaging methods are demonstrated. In addition, prospective applications are presented.

Highlights

  • As discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, X-rays are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from approximately 10−12 to 10−8 m

  • When a high current is applied to the cathode, its temperature increases, so electrons are released from it

  • High potential is applied between the cathode and the anode, so the electrons are accelerated towards the anode

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Summary

Introduction

As discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, X-rays are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from approximately 10−12 to 10−8 m. Fabrizio et al introduced DIC imaging into both full-field imaging and scanning X-ray microscopy with a 200-nm resolution with the fabrication of a novel FZP doublet [51] All these experiments were performed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. All these experiments were performed at the European Synchrotron Rad7iaof- 22 tion Facility. Good quality phase-contrast images of polystyrene beads and human HeLa ceWllisthwtehreenoebwtafinaberdic[a5t8io].n technique of FZP, the X-ray DIC method can achieve a resolution of tens of nanometers. The requirement of coherency and brilliancy limits the application of this method

Coherent Diffraction Imaging
Grating Interferometer
Propagation-Based Imaging

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