Abstract
Numerous advances have been made in X-ray technology in recent years. X-ray imaging plays an important role in the nondestructive exploration of the internal structures of objects. However, the contrast of X-ray absorption images remains low, especially for materials with low atomic numbers, such as biological samples. X-ray phase-contrast images have an intrinsically higher contrast than absorption images. In this review, the principles, milestones, and recent progress of X-ray phase-contrast imaging methods are demonstrated. In addition, prospective applications are presented.
Highlights
As discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, X-rays are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from approximately 10−12 to 10−8 m
When a high current is applied to the cathode, its temperature increases, so electrons are released from it
High potential is applied between the cathode and the anode, so the electrons are accelerated towards the anode
Summary
As discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, X-rays are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from approximately 10−12 to 10−8 m. Fabrizio et al introduced DIC imaging into both full-field imaging and scanning X-ray microscopy with a 200-nm resolution with the fabrication of a novel FZP doublet [51] All these experiments were performed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. All these experiments were performed at the European Synchrotron Rad7iaof- 22 tion Facility. Good quality phase-contrast images of polystyrene beads and human HeLa ceWllisthwtehreenoebwtafinaberdic[a5t8io].n technique of FZP, the X-ray DIC method can achieve a resolution of tens of nanometers. The requirement of coherency and brilliancy limits the application of this method
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