Principles of creation of the big territorially distributed automated systems

Abstract

The article defines large territorially distributed automated systems, which include systems that collect and process information from spatially spaced sensors on objects. Examples of such automated systems are military systems, such as a missile attack warning system, a space control system, strategic and non-strategic missile defense systems, and civil systems, such as the state automated Control system, the air traffic control system and other systems. The purpose of these systems is the continuous monitoring of the state of a set of certain objects, the environment of their functioning, the constant assessment of the parameters of objects, the identification of dangerous situations in the behavior of objects and the environment, as well as the development of measures to reduce the level of possible security threats and eliminate dangerous situations. The typical structure of large territorially distributed automated systems includes sources and consumers of information, telecommunication facilities, as well as a center for processing input data and preparing information for consumers. The sources of information are operators, technical means of observation and specialized measuring instruments. Telecommunication means of big territorially distributed automated systems are formed in two ways. The first option uses existing global data net-works. In the second variant, self-made data transmission networks are formed on the basis of specially created means of data transmission and the use of dedicated data channels. The center of input data processing and information preparation contains a complex of automation tools and personnel providing maintenance, repair and operation. The functions and the most significant hardware and software components of large territorially distributed automated systems are presented. The main indicators of quality of their functioning and stages of life cycle are characterized: development of requirements, creation of a prototype, certification, mass production, operation, modernization, the end of operation and utilization.