Principles and thoughts of magnetic surgical instrument structure planning

Abstract

<p indent=0mm>Since the first magnetic surgical instrument appeared in the 1970s, magnetic surgical instruments have made great progress in the following <sc>50 years.</sc> They solved a series of complex clinical problems, and optimized traditional surgical methods. The master works of magnetic surgical instruments, such as Levita and LINX, were published in the top journals, and made a profound impact on the surgical and scientific communities. After the magnetic surgery theories and its application systems raised by experts in surgical and engineering fields, magnetic surgery gradually becomes an important branch of surgery. In recent years, under the guidance of the magnetic surgery theory system, magnetic surgery has achieved vigorous development. A variety of highly innovative magnetic surgical instruments have emerged endlessly. However, it cannot be ignored that with the development of magnetic surgery, there will still be many obstacles in the future. Because magnetic surgery is an interdisciplinary discipline, it requires a deep integration of surgery and engineering. The most representative problem is how to make reasonable and effective structural planning of magnetic instruments. This is the most basic problem of magnetic surgery. Therefore, this article will discuss the principles of magnetic surgical instrument structure planning, summarize the problems encountered in the past, and propose potential solutions to the corresponding problems. In the early stage of the development of magnetic surgery, due to lack of experience and theoretical guidance, the irrational design of magnetic surgical instruments was common. The following four principles of structural design of magnetic surgical instruments could not be followed: Magnetic force to meet the function, safety without damage, minimum volume, and optimized shape. As a result, some magnetic surgical instruments failed to fully utilize their unique advantages, and even caused damage to patients, which greatly limits the promotion of magnetic surgery. The author concluded that there were four problems in the design of the magnetic surgical mechanical structure in the past: The magnetic force of the magnet was uncontrollable, the magnetic force of the magnet was irreversible, the magnetic force of the magnet was unknown, and the shape of the magnet was immutable. In response to the above problems, global surgical and scientific experts are also actively responding. At present, preliminary solutions have been proposed for this purpose, and success in experimental verification has been achieved. The authors put forward some solutions for peer reference and verification. Magnetic surgical instruments are mostly made of permanent magnet materials. The permanent magnet has the defect of uncontrollable magnetic force, and electromagnetic and electronically controlled permanent magnets can completely solve this problem. The characteristics of a soft magnetic material determine that it can be rapidly saturated and magnetized, and it can be quickly demagnetized after the magnetic field is removed. With this feature, hard magnet and soft magnet can be used together during magnetic surgery. In addition, if a miniature distance sensor can be loaded on both ends of the magnetic rings, and the distance is converted into a signal through wireless transmission technology, and interpreted by an external receiver, the distance between the magnetic staplers can be finally obtained, so as to achieve an intelligent magnetic anastomosis. In addition, the magnetic structure can be deformed through fluid magnetism or self-assembly magnetism to meet clinical needs.