Abstract
Recently, self-healing technologies have emerged as a promising approach to extend the service life of social infrastructure in the field of concrete construction. However, current evaluations of the self-healing technologies developed for cementitious materials are mostly limited to lab-scale experiments to inspect changes in surface crack width (by optical microscopy) and permeability. Furthermore, there is a universal lack of unified test methods to assess the effectiveness of self-healing technologies. Particularly, with respect to the self-healing of concrete applied in actual construction, nondestructive test methods are required to avoid interrupting the use of the structures under evaluation. This paper presents a review of all existing research on the principles of ultrasonic test methods and case studies pertaining to self-healing concrete. The main objective of the study is to examine the applicability and limitation of various ultrasonic test methods in assessing the self-healing performance. Finally, future directions on the development of reliable assessment methods for self-healing cementitious materials are suggested.
Highlights
Concrete is one of the most resilient construction materials in the world
Nondestructive test methods support the results of durability tests for self-healing concrete in different specimens with the same mix proportions and healing agents [16,23]
Research on the estimation of durability properties via ultrasonic nondestructive test methods has only examined the correlation between gas permeability and pulse velocity
Summary
Concrete is one of the most resilient construction materials in the world. cracks in concrete due to various reasons may result in serious durability and serviceability problems. Self-healing concrete construction requires high initial material expenses, it has a very large advantage from the lifecycle cost viewpoint [1]. To satisfy this need for self-healing concrete, researchers have concentrated on the development of engineered self-healing technologies using organic or inorganic chemical agents [10,11,12], microcapsules [13,14,15] and bacteria [16,17,18] over the last decade. To catalyze the production of crack-filling materials, some researchers used fiber-reinforced concrete or engineered cementitious composites (ECC) and investigated the effect of crack width control on self-healing performance [6,21,22,23,24,25]
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