Abstract
Brainwave is a kind of traceable neurophysiological energy in a living brain. Invisible to human eyes, it is only detectable using electroencephalography (EEG), electrocorticography (ECoG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). The waves or oscillations or rhythms are produced mainly by the oscillatory networks of the brain. Three main oscillatory networks are thalamocortical, extrathalamic-cortical and cortical-cortical networks. Greater limbic system (reticular system, hypothalamus, thalamus, basal forebrain nuclei, limbic system) has a great influence on these oscillatory networks. This system which is in microgravity position lies deep inside and surrounded by the ventricles of the brain. It receives all information from inside and outside of our body and then projects to all areas of the brain (from all to one and from one to all—nearly similar concept to “from God back to God”). Therefore, the greater limbic system could be regarded as “a core of the neuroaxis” which lies in microgravity compartment and in microgravity position (“T”-shape or curving shape; whilst gravity position is “I”-shape or vertical shape). By knowing the origin of the brainwaves and methods to detect them, one may study seizure networks, normal and abnormal brain networks and arguably, even to explore the relationship between the “invisibles”: “invisible” brainwaves and “invisible” soul.
Highlights
IntroductionNeural oscillation can be stratified into microscale-oscillation (activity of a single neuron), mesoscale-oscillation (activity of local group of neurons or vertices) and macroscale-oscillation (neural activity of different brain regions/networks) [1]
Oscillation with synchronisation does exist inside and outside of our brain
Synchronised firing patterns give rise to large-amplitude mesoscale oscillations of local field potentials which can be detected as brainwaves by using electroencephalography (EEG), electrocorticography (ECoG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Summary
Neural oscillation can be stratified into microscale-oscillation (activity of a single neuron), mesoscale-oscillation (activity of local group of neurons or vertices) and macroscale-oscillation (neural activity of different brain regions/networks) [1]. Neurons can generate action potentials or spike trains (multiple action potentials in sequence) at microscale oscillation and can be studied using intracellular single-unit recordings. When a group of neurons fire action potentials, synaptic interactions play a major role to synchronise the input to other brain regions. Synchronised firing patterns give rise to large-amplitude mesoscale oscillations of local field potentials which can be detected as brainwaves by using electroencephalography (EEG), electrocorticography (ECoG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG). Neural oscillations which arise from interactions between or among brain regions are known as macroscale-oscillation and form various brainwaves network loops or circuits inside our brain [2]-[5]. This article describes the principles for the brainwaves, their anatomical origin and relationship with microgravity, and our experience in using them to study brain and seizure networks, mapping the region of the brain and lately to explore the relationship between body, mind and soul
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