Principle of the free choice of the Nature in forest ecosystems

Abstract

The free choice of the Nature is understood here as formation of forest ecosystems under action of natural mechanisms of biotic autoregulation. The methodology of researches is based on uniform of ecological and genetics analysis of a condition of forest ecosystems and assessment of a role of key adaptive mechanisms in regulation of pathogenic processes in forest ecosystems.The primary factor that causing the long-term changes in forests tree mortality, tree growth and recruitment is interspecific and intraspecific competition. Competition among tree species is most important. Natural selection is a key mechanism of adaptation, the change in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations. Survival and reproduction of individual due to differences in phenotype. Variation exists within all populations of organisms. Offspring inherits mutations of parents. Inbreeding influences a condition of populations in forest ecosystems. Sexual reproduction of offspring can lead to a decreased biological fitness of a population. Inbreeding depression is especially dangerous in relative small populations. Ability of forest populations to survive and reproduce is dynamic. Sometimes it leads to epidemics of parasitic organisms. Allelic drift may reduce genetic variation in forest populations by disappear gene variants. The relevant problem is in providing freedom of action of natural mechanisms of biotic regulation in forest ecosystems. This problem is solved through formation of high-heterogeneous mosaic forest plantings.Such plantings are capable to long sustainable development without use of chemical and biological pesticides in the conditions of the changing global and local conditions.The long approbation of innovative forest plantings took place in conditions of the Central Russian forest-steppe.Ecosystem regulation of pathogenesis was successful.