Principal Postulates of Centrosomal Biology. Version 2020.

Rustem E Uzbekov,Tomer Avidor-Reiss

doi:10.3390/cells9102156

Rustem E Uzbekov, Tomer Avidor-Reiss

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9102156

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Abstract

The centrosome, which consists of two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material, is a unique structure that has retained its main features in organisms of various taxonomic groups from unicellular algae to mammals over one billion years of evolution. In addition to the most noticeable function of organizing the microtubule system in mitosis and interphase, the centrosome performs many other cell functions. In particular, centrioles are the basis for the formation of sensitive primary cilia and motile cilia and flagella. Another principal function of centrosomes is the concentration in one place of regulatory proteins responsible for the cell’s progression along the cell cycle. Despite the existing exceptions, the functioning of the centrosome is subject to general principles, which are discussed in this review.

Highlights

150 years ago, almost simultaneously, three researchers described in dividing cells two symmetrically located structures that looked like a “radiance” and were called the centrosphere [1,2,3].At the centrosphere’s focus, granules were sometimes visible, which were originally called “polar corpuscles” [3]
Van Beneden and Nate [4] and independently Boveri [5] found that the polar corpuscles do not entirely disappear after mitosis, but remain in interphase, often located near the geometric center of the cell
The centrosome consistsconsists of two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar anchors the cilium in interphase

Summary

Introduction

150 years ago, almost simultaneously, three researchers described in dividing cells two symmetrically located structures that looked like a “radiance” and were called the centrosphere [1,2,3]. Van Beneden and Nate [4] and independently Boveri [5] found that the polar corpuscles do not entirely disappear after mitosis, but remain in interphase, often located near the geometric center of the cell. Later, these granules were named centrioles [6]. Henneguy and von Lenhossék showed that centrioles and basal bodies are the same structure at distinct functional stages. The discoveries of recent years make it necessary once again to return and developed in a book on the centrosome [13].

The Centriole and the Basal Body Are Two Forms of the Same Organelle

Typical centrosome structure in the

The Centriolar Cylinder Length Is Highly Regulated

The Centriole Lumen Helps in Stabilizing the Centriole

Questions