Abstract
We investigate the generation of primordial black holes (PBHs) with the aid of gravitationally increased friction mechanism originated from the nonminimal field derivative coupling (NMDC) to gravity framework, with the quartic potential. Applying the coupling parameter as a two-parted function of inflaton field and fine-tuning of five parameter assortments we can acquire ultra slow-roll phase to slow down the inflaton field due to high friction. This enables us to achieve enough enhancement in the amplitude of curvature perturbations power spectra to generate PBHs with different masses. The reheating stage is considered to obtain criteria for PBHs generation during radiation dominated era. We demonstrate that three cases of asteroid mass PBHs (10^{-12}M_{odot }, 10^{-13}M_{odot }, and 10^{-15}M_{odot }) can be very interesting candidates for comprising 100% , 98.3% and 99.1% of the total dark matter (DM) content of the universe. Moreover, we analyse the production of induced Gravitational Waves (GWs), and illustrate that their spectra of current density parameter ({Omega _{{mathrm{GW}}_mathrm{0}}}) for all parameter Cases foretold by our model have climaxes which cut the sensitivity curves of GWs detectors, ergo the veracity of our outcomes can be tested in light of these detectors. At last, our numerical results exhibit that the spectra of {Omega _{{mathrm{GW}}_mathrm{0}}} behave as a power-law function with respect to frequency, {Omega _{{mathrm{GW}}_mathrm{0}}} (f) sim (f/f_c)^{n} , in the vicinity of climaxes. Also, in the infrared regime fll f_{c}, the power index satisfies the relation n=3-2/ln (f_c/f).
Highlights
Terly, the prosperous discovery of gravitational waves (GWs) arises from two coalescing black holes with masses around 30M (M denotes the solar mass) by LIGO-Virgo Collaboration [5–9], has attracted wide attention to primordial black holes (PBHs) as a possible source of the universe dark matter (DM) content and GWs [10–15]
It is known that an enough increase in the amplitude of curvature perturbations on scales smaller than the cosmic microwave background (CMB) scales can lead to detectable production of PBHs and GWs
We investigated the feasibility of PBHs generation in a single-field inflationary model, based on the framework of nonminimal field derivative coupling to the Einstein tensor pertaining to the Horndenski theory recounted by action (1)
Summary
Producing a large enough amplitude of primordial curvature perturbations (R) during inflationary epoch is necessary to generate PBHs during radiation dominated (RD) era. Overdense regions can be formed when superhorizon scales associated with the large amplitude of R become subhorizon during RD era, and gravitationally collapse of these overdensities generate PBHs. Notwithstanding the restriction of the power spectrum of R at large scales by CMB anisotropies normalization to 2.1 × 10−9 [24], PBHs generation requires an enhancement in the power spectrum of R to order O(10−2) at scales smaller than CMB scales. Different techniques for multiplying the amplitude of the power
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