Primitive Stem Cells Residing in the Skeletal Muscle of Adult Pigs are Mobilized into the Peripheral Blood after Trauma

Abstract

This study was designed to determine if trauma causes the release of adult-derived blastomere-like stem cells (BLSCs) from skeletal muscle into the circulating blood of adult pigs. Experimental procedures followed the guidelines of Fort Valley State University's Institutional Animal Care and Utilization Committee. Pigs were traumatized by splenectomy followed by pancreatectomy. Blood samples and skeletal muscle biopsies were taken before and after trauma. Adult-derived BLSCs were isolated from skeletal muscle and blood samples following established procedures. Nontraumatized skeletal muscle contained approximately 277 million BLSCs per gram of muscle. After trauma, skeletal muscle contained approximately 2 million BLSCs per gram of muscle. Blood taken before trauma contained approximately 22 million BLSCs per milliliter, whereas approximately 512 million BLSCs per milliliter were present within the blood after trauma. Blood values were statistically significant with a P < 0.05. This report is the first demonstration that trauma causes the release of adult-derived BLSCs from skeletal muscle into blood. Further studies are required to elucidate the roles that adult-derived BLSCs play in the response to injury and in the healing process. Surgeons must take a role in this evolving field.