Priming nanoparticle-guided diagnostics and therapeutics towards human organs-on-chips microphysiological system.

Jin-Ha Choi,Jeong-Woo Choi,Hyun Jung Kim,Woojung Shin,Jaewon Lee

doi:10.1186/s40580-016-0084-8

Abstract

Nanotechnology and bioengineering have converged over the past decades, by which the application of multi-functional nanoparticles (NPs) has been emerged in clinical and biomedical fields. The NPs primed to detect disease-specific biomarkers or to deliver biopharmaceutical compounds have beena validated in conventional in vitro culture models including two dimensional (2D) cell cultures or 3D organoid models. However, a lack of experimental models that have strong human physiological relevance has hampered accurate validation of the safety and functionality of NPs. Alternatively, biomimetic human “Organs-on-Chips” microphysiological systems have recapitulated the mechanically dynamic 3D tissue interface of human organ microenvironment, in which the transport, cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and therapeutic efficacy of NPs and their conjugates may be more accurately validated. Finally, integration of NP-guided diagnostic detection and targeted nanotherapeutics in conjunction with human organs-on-chips can provide a novel avenue to accelerate the NP-based drug development process as well as the rapid detection of cellular secretomes associated with pathophysiological processes.

Highlights

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively applied to biomedical fields
NPs perform as a therapeutic adjuvant with multiple functionality, by which programmed drug delivery as well as enhanced therapeutic efficacy can be expected [2]
Only a limited number of nanotherapeutics using albumin NPs [5] or iron oxide NPs [6] has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) because of the

Summary

Introduction

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively applied to biomedical fields. For example, gold NPs have specific optical properties and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, which enable to rapidly and accurately detect biomarkers in combination with immunoselective molecules such as antibodies [1]. The potential of animal models for testing NPs has been validated in a variety of biomedical researches such as diagnostics and therapeutics [2, 8,9,10], delivery of drugs or genes [11,12,13] and imaging for a target organ or transplanted cells [14, 15].

Results

Conclusion