Abstract
Primatological research is often conducted for the purpose of clarifying the evolutionary trajectories of behavioral and morphological characters that are either unique to humans or are shared with closely related species. Nonhuman primate species—especially those whose common ancestry is relatively recent, such as chimpanzees—can serve as referential models that provide insights into our evolutionary history (1). However, there are other, lesser known primates that may shed complementary light on human traits. In PNAS, Patzelt et al. (2) show that a more distantly related taxon—the Guinea baboon (Papio papio) from West Africa, a hitherto poorly known and difficult to study species—shares with humans a combination of core socio-structural features, namely tolerant relations between males that materialize in a multilevel society.
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