Abstract
This paper summarizes current knowledge of the cauline vascular structure in extant and extinct taxa of gymnospermous plants. Vascular architecture in the progymnosperm Archaeopteris is also evaluated. Criteria used for structural determinations include axial bundle or protoxylem architecture, mode of leaf trace emission, branch or bud trace divergence, and characteristic numbers associated with bundle and leaf trace arrangement. Taxa with typical eusteles, those with protosteless and forms with presumed polysteles all have vascular architectures that can be interpreted as conforming to a single basic pattern. Evidence for evolution of the eustele and variations in cauline vascular architecture are analyzed in relation to their potential phylogenetic signifance.
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