Abstract
The patella is an uncommon location for cancerous occurrence and development. The majority of tumors of the patella are benign, with a significant incidence of giant cell tumors and chondroblastoma. With the development of modern diagnostic technologies, there appear however many other histological types which raise challenges of diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we review the reported histological types of primary patellar tumors. Specifically, epidemiology, symptomatology, imageology, histopathology, and treatment options for these histological lesions will be discussed, respectively. As there is an increasing focus on the diagnosis and the treatment of these lesions, the availability of the integrated information about primary patellar tumors becomes more significant.
Highlights
A low incidence of tumors is found in the patella with the vast majority being giant cell tumor and chondroblastoma [1]
Aneurysmal bone cyst Less than 1% aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of all the known cases occurs in the patella [26]
Patellectomy was performed in the two patellar osseous hemangioma (OH) cases (Enneking stage 1 to 2), and the treated patients were capable of full movements of the knee joints [40]
Summary
A low incidence of tumors is found in the patella with the vast majority being giant cell tumor and chondroblastoma [1]. Complaints of the patellar OH patients could include aching, swelling, and limitation of movements of the knee [40] Routine laboratory findings, such as blood count, Mantoux test, ESR, blood calcium, blood phosphorus, and AP, proved to be normal [40]. Patellectomy was performed in the two patellar OH cases (Enneking stage 1 to 2), and the treated patients were capable of full movements of the knee joints [40]. Increased mass, pain, swelling, and lameness of the affected knee might be the main complaint of the patellar CS patients [53,54]. R: a well-defined lytic lesion, a and swelling of the effusion, point pathological fracture, joint effusion, affected knee after tenderness, limited lobulated margins, septa, sclerotic twisting it during range of motion, rim, thick trabeculae. Other malignant patellar tumor Other sporadic malignant cases that were ever reported, such as leiomyosarcoma (Figure 7), angiosarcoma, hemangioendothelioma (Figure 8), and Ewing’s sarcoma, have been summarized in the Table 1
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