Abstract
Primary tracheal tumors have an approximate annual incidence of 2.6 cases per 1 million people. Most patients with tracheal tumors are asymptomatic or have symptoms that are easily confused with more common respiratory conditions, resulting in a delayed diagnosis. Malignant tracheal tumors are more likely to present with hemoptysis, whereas benign tumors are more likely to present with cough and dyspnea. Large tracheal tumors can obstruct the tracheal lumen and lead to symptomatic air flow limitation. Obtaining a computed tomography scan of the chest is the best means of evaluating these tumors. Any tracheal lesion seen on a diagnostic image should prompt a bronchoscopic examination with biopsies of the lesion required in most cases. The most common malignant tracheal tumors are squamous cell carcinomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas. The most common benign tracheal tumors are squamous papillomas, nerve sheath tumors, and tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica lesions. Complete surgical resection results in the best outcomes.
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