Primary synovial sarcoma of bone: a retrospective analysis of 25 patients

Abstract

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of SSX and SSX::SS18 antibodies in decalcified surgical specimens and outcome of synovial sarcomas (SS) of bone. Twenty-five cases were classified as bone SS (prevalence 0.32% among malignant primary bone sarcoma). Median age was 34 years (range = 9-79). Twenty-four of 25 patients presented with non-metastatic tumours, one with lung metastases. The majority of tumours involved the long bones of extremities with metaphyseal origin. Mean size of the tumour was 7.1 cm. Twenty cases (80%) were monophasic and five (20%) were biphasic. SS18::SSX fusion-specific antibody had 92% sensitivity and 99% specificity for primary bone SS, whereas SSX C-terminus antibody had 100% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis was feasible in nine (36%) cases and detected SS18 rearrangement in all nine cases. All patients underwent surgical removal of their primary tumour, with adequate margins in 18 (72%) patients. Chemotherapy with metothrexate, cisplatin, doxorubicin and ifosfamide was used in the seven patients. Two patients with inadequate surgical margins received radiotherapy. With a median follow-up of 80 months (range = 6-428), 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) was 66.6% and 47.9%, respectively, and 5 and 10 years' disease-free survival (DFS) was 36.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 18.0-55.7%] and 32.2% (95% CI = 14.6-51.2%), respectively. A significant improvement in 10 years' DFS in patients undergoing chemotherapy compared with patients who did not was observed (P = 0.039). Our series highlights the utility of SS18::SSX fusion-specific and SSX C-terminus antibodies to support the diagnosis of SS. Adjustment chemotherapy was associated with improved prognosis in this series.