Abstract
BackgroundDigital technology is an opportunity for public health interventions to reach a large part of the population.ObjectiveThis systematic literature review aimed to assess the effectiveness of mobile health–based interventions in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsWe conducted the systematic search in 7 electronic databases using a predefined search strategy. We included articles published between inception of the databases and March 2019 if they reported on the effectiveness of an intervention for prevention of cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes via mobile technology. One researcher performed the search, study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment. The steps were validated by the other members of the research teamResultsThe search yielded 941 articles for cardiovascular disease, of which 3 met the inclusion criteria, and 732 for type 2 diabetes, of which 6 met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the studies was low, with the main issue being nonblinding of participants. Of the selected studies, 4 used SMS text messaging, 1 used WhatsApp, and the remaining ones used specific smartphone apps. Weight loss and reduction in BMI were the most reported successful outcomes (reported in 4 studies).ConclusionsEvidence on the effectiveness of mobile health-based interventions in reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes is low due to the quality of the studies and the small effects that were measured. This highlights the need for further high-quality research to investigate the potential of mobile health interventions.Trial RegistrationInternational Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42019135405; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=135405
Highlights
Description of the Condition Worldwide, chronic diseases are the main cause of death and years lived with disability [1,2]
Evidence on the effectiveness of mobile health-based interventions in reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes is low due to the quality of the studies and the small effects that were measured. This highlights the need for further high-quality research to investigate the potential of mobile health interventions
J Med Internet Res 2020 | vol 22 | iss. 10 | e21159 | p. 3 there was a 100% agreement with the selection conducted by the researcher who screened all articles
Summary
Description of the Condition Worldwide, chronic diseases are the main cause of death and years lived with disability [1,2]. A dose-response relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked and premature death They found an inverse correlation between time since cessation and all-cause mortality. Regarding low whole-grain intake, which is the highest risk factor related to poor diet, in their meta-analysis, Zhang et al [7] showed an inverse dose-response relationship between whole-grain intake and all-cause mortality. Targeting these with preventive measures could significantly reduce people’s chronic disease risk [8], and behavior change interventions are well suited for preventing CVD and T2DM [2,3]. Digital technology is an opportunity for public health interventions to reach a large part of the population
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