Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia: Real-World Retrospective Study of 46 Patients From a Single-Center Study in China

Abstract

BackgroundPrimary plasma cell leukemia (PPCL) is a rare and aggressive plasma cell disorder. The use of novel agents, together with autologous stem cell transplantation, has improved survival outcome in PPCL. However, the prognosis is still very poor, and the optimal treatment remains an unmet clinical need. Patients and MethodsWe studied the efficacy and prognostic impact of novel agents in 46 patients with PPCL patients at the Blood Diseases Hospital in China. We examined the impact of clinical and laboratory features, as well as therapies (bortezomib- and/or immunomodulatory drug–based therapies, chemotherapy) on survival and extent of clinical response, including progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). Progression-free survival and OS were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival distributions were compared by log-rank test. ResultsIn our cohort of 46 PPCL patients, the median age at the time of diagnosis was 54 years. Overall response rate was 54% (25/46). The median (95% confidence interval) progression-free survival time was 6 (0-12.5) months, and OS time was 14 (4.6-23.4) months. The OS time was significantly longer in patients treated with bortezomib-based versus non–bortezomib-based therapies (median [95% confidence interval], 19 [9-28.9] vs. 5 [4-24] months; P = .019). ConclusionThis large single-center study of PPCL supports the use of bortezomib-based therapies as frontline treatment in PPCL patients.