Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for the Treatment of a Patient With Cardiogenic Shock Due to Acute Total Occlusion of Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Without Supportive Collateral Flow

Abstract

Total occlusion of unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) is rarely encountered in clinical practice and the incidence cannot be determined precisely, since most of the patients die before hospital admission. Malignant arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock or sudden death due to pump failure develops in most of these patients. The cases complicated by cardiogenic shock have bad prognosis in both the short and long term, despite the advancements in reperfusion treatments. Successful treatment of sudden total occlusion of unprotected LMCA has been rarely reported. Over the last decade, many cases and comparisons in patients with LMCA lesions were reported on percutaneous interventions for unprotected LMCA using different stent and stenting procedures or in comparison to coronary bypass surgery. On the other hand, these patients either had stable coronary artery disease or a partially occluded LMCA in the setting of acute coronary syndromes with well supporting collateral flow. In our case, a 50 year-old male patient with cardiogenic shock and extensive anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction due to acute total occlusion of unprotected LMCA, who was not receiving collateral flow from the right coronary system, was treated successfully through primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty, was presented. In our case, there was an totally occluded unprotected LMCA without any supportive coronary flow to left system. In this regard, our case is unique in literature.