Abstract
Background Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen is one of the most common herbs in China. Because of its good efficacy and little adverse reaction, Panax notoginseng has been used widely to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Objective To investigate effects of Panax notoginseng flower (PN-F) on rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Methods The proximal left anterior descending coronary artery in rats was ligated to induce acute myocardial infarction. Then, animals were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: MI control group, Betaloc control group (with Betaloc 10 mg/kg/d), FD500 (low-dose) group (Panax notoginseng flower decoction 500 mg/kg, n=10), and FD1000 (high-dose) group (Panax notoginseng flower decoction 1000 mg/kg, n=10). Panax notoginseng flower decoction or Betaloc was orally administrated for two to four weeks before and after operation. Sham-operated group was used as a normal untreated group, in which animals were treated with double distilled water, once daily. HE (hematoxylin and eosin) staining, immunofluorescent assay, TUNEL assay, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot analysis were, respectively, performed to observe morphology, count mean minimal vessels, investigate apoptotic cells, and record gene (HIF-1, VEGFA, and KDR) and protein (Bcl-2 and Bax) expressions. Results Two weeks after MI, PN-F significantly enhanced capillary density in the border area of MI, decreased infarct size, improved minimal vessels, suppressed cell apoptosis, and enhanced expressions of genes (HIF-1, VEGFA, and KDR) and proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax). Conclusions PN-F demonstrated a potential herb to treat rats with myocardial infarction through promoting angiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis in the infarct area.
Highlights
Myocardial infarction is a major consequence of coronary artery disease, and heart remodeling secondary to myocardial infarction is considered the first step towards heart failure [1]
Cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining after myocardial ischemia (Figure 4)
In the peri-infarcted area, there was no obvious apoptotic cell in the sham group, indicating no injury happened; in MI control and treatment groups, the number of apoptotic cells increased significantly, suggesting that left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation could induce injury; numbers in FD1000 and Betaloc groups were less than those in the MI control group (p < 0.05), indicating Panax notoginseng flower (PN-F) decoction might relieve injury induced by myocardial infarction
Summary
Myocardial infarction is a major consequence of coronary artery disease, and heart remodeling secondary to myocardial infarction is considered the first step towards heart failure [1]. Both myocardial infarction and heart failure will result in high morbidity and mortality. To investigate effects of Panax notoginseng flower (PN-F) on rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Two weeks after MI, PN-F significantly enhanced capillary density in the border area of MI, decreased infarct size, improved minimal vessels, suppressed cell apoptosis, and enhanced expressions of genes (HIF-1, VEGFA, and KDR) and proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax). PN-F demonstrated a potential herb to treat rats with myocardial infarction through promoting angiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis in the infarct area
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