Primary Intrathoracic Goiter

Abstract

ABSTRACT The differential diagnosis of a middle mediastinal mass is fairly broad. Though relatively rare, the diagnosis of primary intrathoracic goiter is a clinically important consideration that should not be overlooked. The nature of this clinical entity and its diagnostic implications are discussed. Relevant radiographic imaging is evaluated demonstrating the key findings. Indications for intervening and treatment options are reviewed. Specifically, the presence of a growing substernal goiter in an otherwise fit patient is generally an indication for surgical resection. The nature of a primary intrathoracic goiter usually obviates the more common transcervical approach since by definition the mediastinal goiter is discontinuous with the cervical thyroid gland. Other transthoracic approaches are therefore necessary.