Primary Intracranial Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising De Novo: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Primary intracranial squamous cell carcinoma (PISCC) is extremely rare, and most cases are caused by malignant changes in an epidermoid cyst or a dermoid cyst. We report a case of intracranial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that arose without a preexisting tumor. In addition, the literature on PISCC is reviewed. A 20-year-old man presented with a 4-day history of headache. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a heterogeneous and irregularly marginated solid-cystic lesion in the left lateral ventricle, which enhanced dramatically. The patient underwent removal of the lesion, and a postoperative histologic examination showed SCC. The patient did not undergo postoperative radiotherapy and was admitted to the hospital again 40 days later because of dizziness, right lower extremity pain, and difficulty in bending. Computed tomography showed hydrocephalus. The cerebrospinal fluid examination confirmed an intracranial infection. The patient was discharged after treatment. The patient survived for 9 months from the onset of the disease. Most cases of PISCC arise from the malignant transformation of epidermoid cysts. However, SCC arising de novo is even less common. Although rare, the malignant transformation of intracranial epithelial cysts has a poor prognosis. Future prospective trials are necessary to evaluate the optimal treatment modality for patients with PISCC.