Primary headaches in scuba divers and the effect of temporomandibular dysfunction

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of episodic primary headaches (EPH) and temporomandibular dysfunction’s (TMD) effect in experienced scuba divers. Methods A form consisting of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index and a structured headache questionnaire was sent to individuals using social media platforms. Results A total of 132 divers and 104 non-divers were included the study. In male divers, EPH and TMD were not different from the non-diver group (p = 0.1, p = 0.1), and TMD had an effect on increasing the possibility of migraine (OR = 2.5, p = 0.04). In female divers, the possibility of EPH and TMD were also lower (OR = 0.1, p < 0.001, OR = 0.2, p = 0.01). Conclusion Scuba diving does not pose a risk for EPH or TMD in either gender. TMD treatment in male divers is important for uncontrolled migraine attacks.