Abstract
This paper presents a new methodology for primary frequency response (PFR) in a microgrid through the finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) plus droop control applied to the grid side converter (GSC) of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). In this configuration, the rotor side converter (RSC) is responsible for maintaining wind turbine operation at the maximum power point (MPP) extraction, even at the time of a disturbance, while the GSC is responsible for processing the power required to reestablish the microgrid frequency at its rated value. The power required for frequency control comes from a battery energy storage system (BESS) connected to the DC-link, and its value is selected via the FSC-MPC by continuously adjusting the droop gain value. This control configuration has considerable benefits such as continuous operation at the MPP extraction, injection of power proportional to the frequency imbalance, the capability to impose restrictions through the control and it does not use any type of communication between the storage system and the control. Through the FCS-MPC, the gain of the droop controller is selected, which maximizes the power needed to control the frequency of the microgrid. To verify the performance of the proposed control strategy, simulations are performed for an unexpected islanding of the microgrid under different wind speed scenarios. The results show that the DFIG equipped with the proposed control strategy is able to provide ancillary services such as PFR in all DFIG operating modes.
Highlights
Power generation from renewable energy sources, such as wind power, has increased year after year owing to technological advances and concerns on green-house gas emissions from conventional fossil fuel power generation [1]
In order to contribute to the studies carried out so far regarding the control of microgrids with high penetration of wind energy, this work proposes a coordinated control strategy for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) equipped with battery energy storage system (BESS) to provide primary frequency response (PFR) with variable droop characteristics through finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC)
The original contribution of this work is the control strategy implemented in the grid side converter (GSC) for managing the BESS, this allows the DFIG to participate in PFR of a microgrid, without operating outside the maximum power point (MPP), with an optimal droop coefficient and complying with power injection constraints that could be set by the microgrid operator
Summary
Power generation from renewable energy sources, such as wind power, has increased year after year owing to technological advances and concerns on green-house gas emissions from conventional fossil fuel power generation [1]. In order to contribute to the studies carried out so far regarding the control of microgrids with high penetration of wind energy, this work proposes a coordinated control strategy for a DFIG equipped with BESS to provide PFR with variable droop characteristics through FCS-MPC. THE PROBLEM DESCRIPTION Variable-speed wind generators (VSWG), such as DFIG do not autonomously modify their active power output in response to variations in the grid frequency [26], [27] This characteristic makes it impossible for DFIG to provide ancillary services as PFR in the event that the frequency of the electrical system requires it. That allow DFIGs to participate in frequency control through control strategies; subsection C outlines the proposed original contribution of this paper given the presented context
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