Primary Congenital Glaucoma among the Children Under 3 Years of Age in the Outpatient Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Rakshya Panta Sitoula,Afaque Anwar,Jamuna Gurung

doi:10.31729/jnma.5889

Rakshya Panta Sitoula, Afaque Anwar + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.5889

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Abstract

Primary congenital glaucoma is a rare vision-threatening condition of children. Primary congenital glaucoma though a rare disease it is the most common cause of childhood glaucoma with potency to cause blindness. This study was undertaken to find the prevalence of the children with primary congenital glaucoma under 3 years of age in a tertiary care hospital. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary eye center in Nepal in children (≤ 3 years) presented in the outpatient department of a tertiary eye hospital between June 2017 and June 2020. The study was approved by the hospital review committee and adhered to the declaration of Helsinki. A convenient sampling method was used. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated with frequency distribution. Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Out of total children under 3 years who presented to the outpatient department, 46 (0.31%) at 95% Confidence Interval (0.30-0.32) had primary congenital glaucoma. Among them, 30 children (65.2%) had bilateral involvement. Mean intraocular pressure was 42.40±8.15mm Hg. The mean age of initial presentation, horizontal corneal diameter, and axial length were 12.07±8.9 months, 12.95±1mm, and 23.89±1.7mm respectively. Consanguinity was observed in 12 (26%) children. From the study, we conclude that there was a low prevalence of primary congenital glaucoma among children under 3 years of age who presented to the outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital.

Highlights

Primary congenital glaucoma is a rare vision-threatening condition of children
Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a developmental anomaly of anterior chamber angle leading to the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal edema, Habb striae, increased corneal diameter, buphthalmos, and optic nerve damage.[1]
This study was undertaken to find the prevalence of the children with primary congenital glaucoma under 3 years of age in a tertiary care hospital

Summary

Introduction

Primary congenital glaucoma is a rare vision-threatening condition of children. Primary congenital glaucoma though a rare disease it is the most common cause of childhood glaucoma with potency to cause blindness. This study was undertaken to find the prevalence of the children with primary congenital glaucoma under 3 years of age in a tertiary care hospital. Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a developmental anomaly of anterior chamber angle leading to the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal edema, Habb striae, increased corneal diameter, buphthalmos, and optic nerve damage.[1] PCG is common in certain ethnic and religious groups where parental consanguinity is prevalent.[2,3] The incidence of PCG is reported to be 1 in 10,000-20,000,1 in 3300, 1 in 3030, 1 in 2500, 1 in 1200 live births in the western world,[4] Southern India,[5] Saudi Arabia,[6] Middle East[7] and Slovakian Gypsies[8] respectively. PCG though a rare disease it is the most common cause of childhood glaucoma with potency to cause blindness. Goniotomy,[9,10] trabeculotomy,[11,12] and combined trabeculectomy with trabeculectomy have proven to be highly successful treatment modalities.[13,14,15,16,17]

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