Abstract

Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) is a rare cause of Cushing's syndrome, and is more often diagnosed as bilateral adrenal incidentalomas with modest cortisol production. Combined germline and somatic mutations of armadillo repeat containing 5 gene (ARMC5) were identified in familial cases, in ~25% of apparently sporadic cases, and in the relatives of index cases; genetic testing can now allow early diagnosis. The recent findings of ectopic adrenocortical production of ACTH in clusters of BMAH tissues and its regulation by aberrant G-protein-coupled receptors open new horizons for eventual medical therapy using melanocortin 2 receptor and GPCR antagonists.

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