Abstract

Student motivation could have important influences on essential educational outcomes. However, students motivation could decline as they age. This study examined six motivation constructs (self-efficacy, interest, mastery goal orientation, engagement, dodging cope, and energy withdrawal) of scholars from seventy eight faculties in Singapore (N = 4214) in learning English. Employing a giant and various sample of primary five (5th grade) and secondary three (9th grade) students, grade and gender variations in these constructs were examined. Applying a MIMIC approach to structural equation modeling, the methods from grade and gender in addition because the grade gender interaction variable were found to be important.

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