Primary analysis on groundwater, soil moisture and salinity in fukang oasis of southern Junggar basin

Abstract

Soil salinity is the most important factor affecting vegetation distribution, and the secondary salinization has affected the development of oasis agriculture. In arid areas the spatial variation of soil moisture and salt content is markedly affected by groundwater, irrational irrigation in artificial oasis. By analyzing the soil moisture, salt content and groundwater table in different areas of old oasis, new oasis and desert in Fukang Oasis, it is shown that topography and land use are main factors affecting the change of groundwater table, the redistribution of soil moisture and salt content. When undisturbed by human, the groundwater table rises from mountain to belt of ground water spillage, the groundwater table rises mightily in plain because of the artificial irrigation, and the secondary salinization of soil is very serious. In oasis the groundwater table raises compared with that in the natural desert at the same latitude. In old oasis of upper reaches of river salt has not been concentrated too much in rhizosphere because this area is the belt of groundwater drainage, soil texture is coarse, the groundwater table is very low, and the salt in soil is drained into the groundwater. The new oasis has been the areas of salt accumulation because of the artificial irrigation, the salt content in soil is higher than that in old oasis, so some cultivated fields here had to be thrown out because of the serious secondary salinization.