Abstract
In Judea, at the end of the Second Temple period, a new religiopolitical concept appears, which soon became dominant: it was the concept of qinʾah , i.e. zeal or jealousy for God. With the Hellenistic crisis, the ancient problem of the priestly functions in Israelite warfare became acute again. This chapter establishes two fundamental positions that point to different trends within Second Temple Judaism. First, the different choices concerning the status of priests can be defined in terms of ritual purity and holiness versus commitment to participate in com- bat. The second position over which the groups differ is their attitude towards “les etrangers dans la maison .. Keywords: Israelite warfare; Second Temple Judaism; Zeal
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