Abstract
ABSTRACT This article examines the pricing of Japanese IPOs: 54.26% are priced in 1,000 Japanese yen increments (The Japanese yen (JPY) has denominations of banknotes and coins. Banknotes are in 1,000, 2,000, 5,000, and 10,000-yen. Coins are in 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500-yen. One thousand banknotes are similar to US $10 dollars. Coins are considered as changes in Japan.) (note-ending IPOs), an economically large increment on a per-share basis that is equivalent to 10 US dollar increments assuming an exchange rate of 1 US dollar to 100 Japanese yen. The number of note-ending IPOs increases with price levels and pricing uncertainty, supporting the negotiation hypothesis. Note-ending IPOs are associated with higher volatility, higher underwriters’ fees, wider filing price range, smaller deal size, shorter firm age, and lower underwriter reputation. Price clustering contributes to IPO underpricing. The initial returns are 60.44% higher for note-ending relative to coin-ending IPOs. These results shed light on the pricing of Japanese IPOs due to negotiations and on investment opportunities with note-ending IPOs.
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