Prey Capture in the Cottonmouth Snake (Agkistrodon piscivorus)

Abstract

Using direct observation and frame-by-frame analysis of high speed motion pictures taken of snake feeding activity, 6 continuous phases are identified and a seventh (search) postulated that collectively represent the activity of prey capture by the cottonmouth snake. The first phase of prey capture is the search wherein the snake moves through its habitat in such a fashion as to increase the likelihood of locating prey. Approach phase follows during which the snake closes on the located prey. After drawing its body into s-shaped curves or coils, the neck and trunk curves gradually open to slowly move the head a short distance toward the prey; this is the glide phase. The rapid strike phase ensues followed by the bite, release, and post-release phases during which respectively, the jaws close on the prey and venom is injected, prey is released, and finally the envenomated prey is relocated and