Prevotella in Pigs: The Positive and Negative Associations with Production and Health.

Samat Amat,Peris M Munyaka,Hannah Lantz,Benjamin P Willing

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8101584

Samat Amat, Peris M Munyaka + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101584

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Abstract

A diverse and dynamic microbial community (known as microbiota) resides within the pig gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The microbiota contributes to host health and performance by mediating nutrient metabolism, stimulating the immune system, and providing colonization resistance against pathogens. Manipulation of gut microbiota to enhance growth performance and disease resilience in pigs has recently become an active area of research in an era defined by increasing scrutiny of antimicrobial use in swine production. In order to develop microbiota-targeted strategies, or to identify potential next-generation probiotic strains originating from the endogenous members of GIT microbiota in pigs, it is necessary to understand the role of key commensal members in host health. Many, though not all, correlative studies have associated members of the genus Prevotella with positive outcomes in pig production, including growth performance and immune response; therefore, a comprehensive review of the genus in the context of pig production is needed. In the present review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the genus Prevotella in the intestinal microbial community of pigs, including relevant information from other animal species that provide mechanistic insights, and identify gaps in knowledge that must be addressed before development of Prevotella species as next-generation probiotics can be supported.

Highlights

A diverse and dynamic microbial community resides within the pig gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and contributes to host health and performance by mediating nutrient metabolism, modulating the immune system, and providing colonization resistance against pathogens [1,2,3]
The topological features of phylogenetic cooccurrence networks, including scale, stability and complexity were increased along with the age Diversity analysis revealed a significantly higher level of alpha-diversity and richness for PEA than for PEB Animals that clustered with the PEB were on average 850 g heavier and had an extra average daily gain (ADG) of 17.9 g per day than those that clustered with the PEA Showed the link between microbial ecosystems and pig growth traits 12 out of the 18 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) positively associated with the average daily feed intake (ADFI) were annotated to Prevotella, and Prevotella was the hub bacteria in the co-abundance network
These results suggest that Prevotella might be a keystone bacterial taxon for increasing host feed intake

Summary

Introduction

A diverse and dynamic microbial community (known as microbiota) resides within the pig gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and contributes to host health and performance by mediating nutrient metabolism, modulating the immune system, and providing colonization resistance against pathogens [1,2,3]. These beneficial traits of the gut microbiota are influenced by host condition, dietary, environmental and management factors. Understanding the biology and role of key members of the pig gut microbial community in defining host physiology is necessary to deduce the complex guiding principles that govern microbiota–host interactions in the gut, which will facilitate the development of gut microbiota-targeted strategies to improve pig health and productivity

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