Previous Vitamin D Supplementation and Morbidity and Mortality Outcomes in People Hospitalised for COVID19: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Juan Antonio Arroyo-Díaz,Josep Franch-Nadal,Bogdan Vlacho,Rosa Corcoy,Gemma Llauradó,Eva Román,Didac Mauricio,Elena Navas-Méndez,Josep Julve,Paola Ponte,Pere Domingo

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.758347

Abstract

Aim: The study aim was to assess the association of vitamin D supplementation before hospital admission and severe outcomes in subjects admitted for COVID-19.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of pseudonymised medical record data from subjects admitted to the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (Barcelona, Spain) for COVID-19 during March and April 2020. The composite primary study outcome was defined as death and/or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Association between risk factors and study outcomes was evaluated by bivariate analysis, followed by logistic regression analysis.Results: In total, 1,267 persons were hospitalised during the observation period. Overall, 14.9% of the subjects were on active vitamin D supplementation treatment before admission. The subjects in the vitamin D group were significantly older than subjects without vitamin D supplementation. We observed higher rates of the primary outcome (death and/or IMV) among the persons with previous use of vitamin D (30.1 vs. 22.9% in those not receiving treatment). In the bivariate analysis, previous use of vitamin D was positively associated with death and/or IMV [odds ratio (OR): 1.45 95% CI: 1.03; 2.04]; however, after adjustment for other risk factors this association disappeared (OR: 1.09 95%CI: 0.65; 1.81).Conclusion: We did not find an association between vitamin D supplementation before hospital admission and death and/or IMV in subjects admitted for COVID-19. The age and the burden of age-associated comorbidities were independently associated with the in-hospital events.

Highlights

From the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to July 2021, more than 191,158,708 new cases and ∼4.2 million of deaths have been reported worldwide [1]
The association between events and previous use of vitamin D was evaluated by bivariate analysis, followed by logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex and age and associated risk factors
In an observational study from Spain with 216 hospitalised subjects with COVID-19, the researchers did not observe an association between vitamin D status and the severity of COVID-19 infection (ICU admission, the need for mechanical ventilation, or mortality); these results are in line with the results observed in our study where we did not find any signal for an association [17]

Summary

Introduction

From the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to July 2021, more than 191,158,708 new cases and ∼4.2 million of deaths have been reported worldwide [1]. Several different vaccines are in use, the number of COVID-19 cases globally remains high, and deaths continue to increase [2]. The United States and the European Union drug regulatory agencies have already authorised new indications for treatments such as remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon for subjects hospitalised with COVID-19. Little or no effect on overall mortality, initiation of ventilation and duration of hospital stay was observed in the corresponding clinical trials [3]. In the RECOVERY clinical trial, dexamethasone reduced the mortality among subjects hospitalised for COVID-19 receiving either invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or oxygen alone [4]. Different therapies have been explored to prevent or treat the disease, including the use of vitamin D supplementation

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion