Abstract
The aim of orthodontic treatment is to improve the esthetics of the teeth and face, to provide a beautiful smile, and an adequate and permanent chewing function. In individuals with insufficient oral hygiene, demineralization begins in the mouth with a very low pH value, and as a result, white spot lesions formed by decalcification of the enamel layer can be seen during orthodontic treatment. Since lesions are the first stage of caries formation, it is possible to stop caries development at this stage. Many methods, such as improving oral hygiene, regulating diets, fluoridated agents, laser, casein phosphopeptide, and microabrasion, are used in the treatment of white spot lesions. Preventive methods are of great importance in terms of preventing future tooth loss and reducing the treatment process. The purpose of this article is to manage white spot lesions in orthodontic treatment and to examine risk factors and preventive methods based on the latest evidence.
Highlights
Low-concentration fluoride application is recommended as it allows slower penetration of calcium and fluorine ions from saliva following orthodontic treatment [50]
White spot lesions could be detected at an early stage with various diagnostic methods, and the formation of lesions could be prevented with appropriate treatments
Studies have shown that none of the caries diagnostic methods developed today is as effective as clinical examination and radiographic examination
Summary
The improvement of modern living conditions, the increase in life expectancy, and the propensity of looking younger and more beautiful have led to an increase in the need for esthetic treatments. Thanks to the orthodontic treatment, as long as the periodontal tissues are healthy, an esthetic smile can be served in all age groups of individuals. Attachments and appliances used in the treatment create an area for plaque involvement at various levels. Enamel discoloration and initial caries lesions are the most prominent clinical problems in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Wires, bands, and other attachments limit naturally occurring self-cleaning mechanisms, such as the movement of saliva and its intraoral muscles. Increased incidence of these lesions has been found in patients after orthodontic treatment due to long-term plaque accumulation and inadequate
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