Preventive measures to minimize natural hazards in the Polish underground mining industry

Abstract

The process of underground hard coal mining and various types of natural hazards are inextricably bound up with each other. The occurrence depends on the response of the rock mass to the disturbance of its balance caused by mining activity determines the occurrence of natural hazards that can lead to a series of events that significantly disturb the safety and efficiency of the entire coal production process. Consequently, there is a constant search for methods that would support the available preventive measures. There are several solutions that can be applied during the mining process designed to either limit the frequency of hazards and/or limit their consequences. The paper reviews the current natural hazards in underground mining with particular emphasis on their consequences. Based on the experience of the authors and the review of papers that deal with natural hazards, possible solutions were analysed to reduce the potential for events associated with these hazards and their consequences. The research team focused mainly on preventive measures. The protection of human health and life was a key priority. It is also important to ensure continuity of exploitation and its economic efficiency, and to reduce the negative impact on the environment, the operation, working conditions, and mining costs. The analysis of the existing hazards and the possible ways of limiting their negative effects should improve work safety and the efficiency of the entire mining industry.