Preventive geochemical barriers during transport construction

Abstract

The article discusses the possibility of using chlorite crushed stone as part of geochemical barriers in transport construction. It has been shown that during the construction of railways and during their operation, the main pollutants are petroleum products and heavy metal ions. To substantiate and study the neutralizing properties of chlorite crushed stone, infrared spectroscopy, ionomer, atomic absorption spectrometry and the gravimetric method for determining petroleum products were used. Research has shown that chlorite crushed stone is a quartz-albite-chlorite shale with a small inclusion of carbon; its physical and mechanical characteristics are not inferior to granite crushed stone. The oil capacity of chlorite crushed stone depends on the concentration of petroleum products in the model solution and ranges from 0.03 to 0.5 g/g. Chlorite crushed stone has a capacity towards nickel, iron and cadmium ions, while their simultaneous presence in the model solution does not have selectivity towards these ions. It has been proven that when the capacity of chlorite crushed stone is fully realized in relation to one of the heavy metal ions, it is not washed out and replaced by another metal ion (for example, nickel and iron ions). It has been proven that the presence of organic contaminants in the model solution does not significantly affect the capacity of chlorite crushed stone for heavy metal ions. It has been shown that chlorite crushed stone, due to its physical, physical-mechanical and chemical properties, can be used in geochemical barriers to protect the environment from pollution.