Abstract
Fermented brown rice and rice bran with Aspergillus oryzae (FBRA) is considered to have the potential to prevent chemically-induced carcinogenesis in multiple organs of rodents. In the present study, we evaluated the possible chemopreventive effects of FBRA against prostate tumorigenesis. Six-week-old male rats of the transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate (TRAP) strain were fed diets containing 5% or 10% FBRA for 15 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at 21 weeks of age, and the ventral and lateral prostate were removed for histopathological evaluation and immunoblot analyses. FBRA decreased the incidence of adenocarcinoma in the lateral prostate and suppressed the progression of prostate carcinogenesis. Treatment with FBRA induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in histologically high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias. Phospho-AMP-activated kinase α (Thr172) was up-regulated in the prostate of rats fed the diet supplemented with FBRA. These results indicate that FBRA controls tumor growth by activating pathways responsive to energy deprivation and suggest that FBRA has translational potential for the prevention of human prostate cancer.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in elderly men in the United States [1]
Fermented brown rice and rice bran with Aspergillus oryzae (FBRA) is a food manufactured by fermenting a mixture of brown rice and rice bran with A. oryzae to improve its digestibility
We previously reported that phytochemicals such as ellagic acid, apocynin, nobiletin, and auraptene had suppressive effects on prostate carcinogenesis in the transgenic rat for adenocarcinoma of prostate (TRAP) model [17,18,19]
Summary
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in elderly men in the United States [1]. According to autopsy-based prevalence data, the incidence of latent prostate cancer in Asia is still low despite a rapid increase in the incidence of clinical malignancy [3]. It has been suggested that one of the etiologic factors for the high incidence of prostate cancer in Western countries is a high dietary intake of highly processed foods [4]. Brown rice is a staple dietary constituent in Asia, whereas rice consumed in the Western world is generally white rice obtained from brown rice by removal of the bran. A large number of cellular and preclinical studies have supported that micronutrients in rice bran protect against the occurrence of cancer [6,7].
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