Preventive effects of aqueous extract of the whole plant of Eleusine indica (Linn) Gaertn. (Poaceae) against L-NAME induced nephrotoxicity in rat

Abstract

Background: The entire plant of Eleusine indica is used in Cameroonian folk medicine to treat several diseases including renal problems. We investigated the preventive effects of Eleusine indica aqueous extract (EIAE) against L-NAME induced renal damages in rats. Methods: Animals were divided into a control group (0.9 % saline, 10 mL/kg, ip) and 4 experimental groups. The rats in the negative control group received L-NAME (30 mg/kg, ip). The positive group was treated with losartan (12.5 mg/kg, per os) and L-NAME while the two last groups received EIAE (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg, per os) and LNAME injection. After 60 days of treatment, blood pressure was measured; lipid profile, kidney and some oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. Results: Intraperitoneal injection of L-NAME induced a significant elevation in blood pressure, of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-c, with a significant reduction of HDL-c levels as compared to the control groups. Nephrotoxicity was evidenced by significant elevation in serum levels of creatinine, urea and K+ , accompanied by a significant reduction of Na+ and GFR as compared to controls. Catalase, GSH and nitrites were significantly decreased in L-NAME injected group. L-NAME solution gave simultaneously with Eleusine indica prevented the rise of blood pressure, improve lipid profile, kidney function and antioxidant defenses. Conclusion: These results confirm the nephroprotective effects of Eleusine indica aqueous extract and highlight its protective properties in L-NAME-induced renal failure and its antioxidant capacities against kidney damages.