Preventive and therapeutic effects of azithromycin on acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in rats

Abstract

BackgroundAcrylamide (ACR) can induce neurotoxicity through different pathways, including oxidative stress and apoptosis. Azithromycin is well-known for its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. ObjectiveTo evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of azithromycin in an in vivo model of ACR-induced neurotoxicity, by investigating its impact on oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways. MethodsMale rats were divided into eleven groups at random (n = 6). 1:control (vehicle), 2:ACR (50 mg/kg, 11 days, I.P.), 3–7:ACR+ azithromycin (3.1, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg, 11 days, I.P.), 8–9:ACR+ azithromycin (3.1, 6.25 mg/kg, from day 3–11), 10: ACR+ vitamin E (200 mg/kg, every other day, I.P.), 11. Azithromycin (50 mg/kg). Following the treatment period, a gait score examination was performed, and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) ratio and caspase-3 levels in the cerebral cortex were measured. ResultsGait abnormality, a drop in GSH, and an increase in lipid peroxidation, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and caspase-3 levels were all significantly triggered by ACR in the cerebral cortex versus the control group. Azithromycin 3.1 and 6.25 mg/kg with ACR and azithromycin 6.25 mg/kg with ACR from day 3–11 ameliorated movement disorders caused by ACR. Azithromycin in all doses and both protocols along with ACR decreased the MDA level. Azithromycin (3.1, 6.25 mg/kg) along with ACR in both protocols increased the level of GSH, reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 amounts in the brain tissue versus the ACR group. ConclusionsAdministration of azithromycin had both preventive and therapeutic effects on ACR-induced neurotoxicity through its antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.