Prevention the formation of biofilm on orthopedic implants by melittin thin layer on chitosan/bioactive glass/vancomycin coatings

Vahid Zarghami,Mohammad Ghorbani,Kamran Pooshang Bagheri,Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar

doi:10.1007/s10856-021-06551-5

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant and Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (MRSA and VRSA, respectively) can seriously jeopardizes bone implants. This research aimed to examine the potential synergistic effects of Melittin and vancomycin in preventing MRSA and VRSA associated bone implant infections. Chitosan/bioactive glass nanoparticles/vancomycin composites were coated on hydrothermally etched titanium substrates by casting method. The composite coatings were coated by Melittin through drop casting technique. Melittin raised the proliferation of MC3T3 cells, making it an appropriate option as osteoinductive and antibacterial substance in coatings of orthopedic implants. Composite coatings having combined vancomycin and Melittin eliminated both planktonic and adherent MRSA and VRSA bacteria, whereas coatings containing one of them failed to kill the whole VRSA bacteria. Therefore, chitosan/bioactive glass/vancomycin/Melittin coating can be used as a bone implant coating because of its anti-infective properties.

Highlights

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) bacterial infection and biofilm formation on the surfaces of prosthesis are the main challenges of orthopedic surgeries [1, 2]
The present findings reliably indicate that composite coating caused differentiation of MC3T3 to osteoblasts, which slightly impaired following addition of vancomycin and Melittin as coating ingredients
Chitosan/bioactive glass nanoparticles/ vancomycin composite coatings casted on hydrothermally etched titanium substrate

Summary

Introduction

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) bacterial infection and biofilm formation on the surfaces of prosthesis are the main challenges of orthopedic surgeries [1, 2]. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been of great interest to dealing with biofilm associated infections and antibiotic resistant bacteria [3, 4]. An antimicrobial peptide of 26 amino acid residues, encourages pores in membranes of resistant bacteria cells and hindering biofilm formation [4]. Vancomycin, as a hydrophilic glycopeptide antibiotic, has been broadly applied for eradication of S. aureus bacterial infection and prevention of biofilm development on the implants [5]. Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) bacteria are today gaining around worldwide in spite of being less prevalent [7]. Discovery or design new promising antimicrobial agents is vitally necessitated due to the world threat for the outbreak of VRSA isolates [8]

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Conclusion