Prevention Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance in Children in Resource-Limited Settings

Abstract

This review summarizes major antimicrobial-resistant pathogens emerging globally, including mechanisms of resistance and factors leading to acquisition of drug resistance in children. It further seeks to answer what steps should be taken in resource-limited settings to curb spread of these resistant pathogens. Prevalence of drug resistance bacteria is increasing in children. Resistance is primarily driven by antibiotic overuse and misuse, amplified in developing countries by poor regulation and limited treatment options. The World Health Organization has outlined a comprehensive approach to reduce antimicrobial resistance. Data among children in the developing world are incomplete, but suggest this is a problem with huge healthcare costs. Prevention methods include classic sanitation, infection control, antimicrobial stewardship, as well as development of new technologies and improved surveillance. Future research should focus on population benefits, cost effectiveness of different approaches, and applying new technologies in a regulated way to the developing world.